{"id":2032,"date":"2019-04-05T14:27:06","date_gmt":"2019-04-05T14:27:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/feno.it\/training-systems\/"},"modified":"2020-01-16T12:36:15","modified_gmt":"2020-01-16T12:36:15","slug":"training-systems","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.feno.it\/en\/training-systems\/","title":{"rendered":"Training Systems"},"content":{"rendered":"

[et_pb_section fb_built=”1″ _builder_version=”3.22″ background_color=”#e4e4e4″ use_background_color_gradient=”on” background_color_gradient_start=”#e4e4e4″ background_color_gradient_end=”rgba(255,255,255,0.08)” background_color_gradient_direction=”73deg” background_color_gradient_start_position=”25%” background_color_gradient_end_position=”60%” background_color_gradient_overlays_image=”on” background_image=”https:\/\/feno.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/9-header-nuove-varieta-4.jpg” custom_padding=”110px|0px|110px|0px|true|false” border_color_all=”#e4e4e4″][et_pb_row _builder_version=”3.25″ column_structure=”1_2,1_2″][et_pb_column type=”1_2″ _builder_version=”3.25″ custom_padding=”|||” custom_padding__hover=”|||”][et_pb_text _builder_version=”3.27.4″ text_font=”||||||||” text_text_color=”#5a5a5a” header_font=”|300|||||||” header_text_align=”left” header_text_color=”#cc1331″ header_font_size=”60px” header_2_font=”||||||||” header_2_text_color=”#5a5a5a” header_2_font_size=”20px” header_2_line_height=”1.4em”]<\/p>\n

Training Systems<\/h1>\n

[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=”1_2″ _builder_version=”3.25″ custom_padding=”|||” custom_padding__hover=”|||”][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=”1″ _builder_version=”3.22″ background_color=”#e5e5e5″ border_color_all=”#e4e4e4″][et_pb_row _builder_version=”3.25″][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”3.25″ custom_padding=”|||” custom_padding__hover=”|||”][et_pb_text _builder_version=”3.27.4″ text_font=”||||||||” text_text_color=”#5a5a5a” header_font=”|300|||||||” header_text_align=”left” header_text_color=”#cc1331″ header_2_font=”|300|||||||” header_2_text_align=”left” header_2_text_color=”#cc1331″ header_2_font_size=”40px” header_2_line_height=”1.4em” header_3_font=”||||||||” header_3_text_color=”#919191″ header_3_font_size=”18px”]A production-oriented tree training in combination with a high fruit quality have always characterized the modern apple production. In the past few decades in addition production-related topics like the application of pesticides and its spray drift, the reduction of machinery use and labour input or the dispensing with herbicides continued to move into the foreground.
\n<\/br>In this context traditional training systems are gradually reaching their limits, which is why we are intensively looking for new and innovative ideas to sustainably improve the modern apple production. A main focus in our research lies on the development of alternative tree training systems. Recently our trees, beside the traditional spindle, are also available as Bibaum\u00ae or as Guyot-tree.[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=”1″ _builder_version=”3.22″ border_color_all=”#e4e4e4″ border_width_bottom=”29px”][et_pb_row _builder_version=”3.25″ custom_padding=”41px|0px|41px|0px|false|false” column_structure=”1_3,2_3″][et_pb_column type=”1_3″ _builder_version=”3.25″ custom_padding=”|||” custom_padding__hover=”|||”][et_pb_image src=”https:\/\/feno.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/spindel.png” align_tablet=”center” align_last_edited=”on|desktop” _builder_version=”3.23″ border_color_all=”#e4e4e4″][\/et_pb_image][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=”2_3″ _builder_version=”3.25″ custom_padding=”|||” custom_padding__hover=”|||”][et_pb_text _builder_version=”3.27.4″ text_font=”||||||||” text_text_color=”#5a5a5a” header_font=”|300|||||||” header_text_align=”left” header_text_color=”#cc1331″ header_2_font=”|300|||||||” header_2_text_align=”left” header_2_text_color=”#cc1331″ header_2_font_size=”40px” header_2_line_height=”1.4em” header_3_font=”||||||||” header_3_text_color=”#919191″ header_3_font_size=”18px” header_4_font=”||||||||” header_5_font=”||||||||” header_5_text_color=”#cc1331″]<\/p>\n

SPINDEL<\/strong> System<\/h2>\n

The Spindel<\/strong> is globally the most common training system in modern apple production. The tree is composed of one leader with lateral outgoing fruit branches. The branches are stronger in the lower part of the spindle and get shorter as higher we go, in order to give the tree its typical conical shape.<\/p>\n

Characteristics:<\/h5>\n

\u2022 Early and high yields possible<\/span>
\n\u2022 Long service life<\/span>
\n\u2022 Proven over long term<\/span>
\n\u2022 Decades of experience<\/span>
\n\u2022 Tailored to individual varieties.<\/span><\/p>\n

Cultivation<\/h5>\n

Based on the orchards fertility, the variety and the growth of the tree, the recommended distance between the rows is varying from 2,9 m to 3,5 m, while the within-row spacing should range from 0,7 m to 1 m.[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_button button_url=”\/wp-content\/uploads\/BrochureSistemiDiAllevamentoWEB.pdf” url_new_window=”on” button_text=”BROCHURE DOWNLOAD” button_alignment=”left” _builder_version=”3.21.3″ custom_button=”on” button_text_size=”18px” button_text_color=”#cc1331″ button_bg_color=”#ffffff” button_border_width=”2px” button_border_color=”#e4e4e4″ button_border_radius=”0px” button_letter_spacing=”1px” button_font=”|||on|||||” button_use_icon=”off” custom_margin_tablet=”” custom_margin_phone=”-30px||” custom_margin_last_edited=”on|desktop” custom_padding_tablet=”” custom_padding_phone=”” custom_padding_last_edited=”on|phone” button_text_color_hover=”#cc1331″ button_bg_color_hover=”#e4e4e4″ button_text_size__hover_enabled=”off” button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=”off” button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=”off” button_text_color__hover_enabled=”on” button_text_color__hover=”#cc1331″ button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=”off” button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=”off” button_border_width__hover_enabled=”off” button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=”off” button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=”off” button_border_color__hover_enabled=”off” button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=”off” button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=”off” button_border_radius__hover_enabled=”off” button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=”off” button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=”off” button_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=”off” button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=”off” button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=”off” button_bg_color__hover_enabled=”on” button_bg_color__hover=”#e4e4e4″ button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=”off” button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=”off”][\/et_pb_button][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row _builder_version=”3.25″][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”3.25″ custom_padding=”|||” custom_padding__hover=”|||”][et_pb_divider _builder_version=”3.12.2″][\/et_pb_divider][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row _builder_version=”3.25″ custom_padding=”0|0px|39px|0px|false|false” column_structure=”1_4,1_4,1_4,1_4″][et_pb_column type=”1_4″ _builder_version=”3.25″ custom_padding=”|||” custom_padding__hover=”|||”][et_pb_image src=”https:\/\/feno.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/spindel01.jpg” show_in_lightbox=”on” align_tablet=”center” align_last_edited=”on|desktop” _builder_version=”3.23″][\/et_pb_image][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=”1_4″ _builder_version=”3.25″ custom_padding=”|||” custom_padding__hover=”|||”][et_pb_image src=”https:\/\/feno.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/spindel02.jpg” show_in_lightbox=”on” align_tablet=”center” align_last_edited=”on|desktop” _builder_version=”3.23″][\/et_pb_image][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=”1_4″ _builder_version=”3.25″ custom_padding=”|||” custom_padding__hover=”|||”][et_pb_image src=”https:\/\/feno.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/spindel03.jpg” show_in_lightbox=”on” align_tablet=”center” align_last_edited=”on|desktop” _builder_version=”3.23″][\/et_pb_image][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=”1_4″ _builder_version=”3.25″ custom_padding=”|||” custom_padding__hover=”|||”][et_pb_image src=”https:\/\/feno.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/spindel04.jpg” show_in_lightbox=”on” align_tablet=”center” align_last_edited=”on|desktop” _builder_version=”3.23″][\/et_pb_image][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=”1″ _builder_version=”3.22″ border_color_all=”#e4e4e4″ border_width_bottom=”29px”][et_pb_row _builder_version=”3.25″ custom_padding=”41px|0px|41px|0px|false|false” column_structure=”1_3,2_3″][et_pb_column type=”1_3″ _builder_version=”3.25″ custom_padding=”|||” custom_padding__hover=”|||”][et_pb_image src=”https:\/\/feno.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/bibaum.jpg” align_tablet=”center” align_last_edited=”on|desktop” _builder_version=”3.23″ border_color_all=”#e4e4e4″][\/et_pb_image][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=”2_3″ _builder_version=”3.25″ custom_padding=”|||” custom_padding__hover=”|||”][et_pb_text _builder_version=”3.27.4″ text_font=”||||||||” text_text_color=”#5a5a5a” header_font=”|300|||||||” header_text_align=”left” header_text_color=”#cc1331″ header_2_font=”|300|||||||” header_2_text_align=”left” header_2_text_color=”#cc1331″ header_2_font_size=”40px” header_2_line_height=”1.4em” header_3_font=”||||||||” header_3_text_color=”#919191″ header_3_font_size=”18px” header_4_font=”||||||||” header_5_font=”||||||||” header_5_text_color=”#cc1331″]<\/p>\n

BIBAUM<\/strong>\u00ae* System<\/h2>\n

The Bibaum\u00ae<\/strong> is characterised by two balanced and symmetric leaders on one trunk. The division of the growth among two leaders offers numerous advantages in the production.\/p><\/p>\n

Characteristics:<\/h5>\n

\u2022 Less strong lower branches \u2013 creating narrower fruiting walls;
\u2022 Uniform colouration of the fruits;
\u2022 Well-spaced fruiting wall which dries quickly;
\u2022 Excellent vigour management;
\u2022 Perfect for mechanical pruning and thinning;
\u2022 Reduction of cultivation activities.<\/p>\n

Cultivation<\/h5>\n

Based on the orchards fertility, the variety and the growth of the tree, the recommended distance between the rows is varying from 2,2 m to 2,9 m, while the within-row spacing should range from 1 m to 1,5 m.<\/p>\n

*Bibaum\u00ae Patent Mazzoni<\/em><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_button button_url=”\/wp-content\/uploads\/BrochureSistemiDiAllevamentoWEB.pdf” url_new_window=”on” button_text=”BROCHURE DOWNLOAD” button_alignment=”left” _builder_version=”3.21.3″ custom_button=”on” button_text_size=”18px” button_text_color=”#cc1331″ button_bg_color=”#ffffff” button_border_width=”2px” button_border_color=”#e4e4e4″ button_border_radius=”0px” button_letter_spacing=”1px” button_font=”|||on|||||” button_use_icon=”off” custom_margin=”-40px||” custom_margin_tablet=”” custom_margin_phone=”-30px||” custom_margin_last_edited=”on|desktop” custom_padding_tablet=”” custom_padding_phone=”” custom_padding_last_edited=”on|phone” button_text_color_hover=”#cc1331″ button_bg_color_hover=”#e4e4e4″ button_text_size__hover_enabled=”off” button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=”off” button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=”off” button_text_color__hover_enabled=”on” button_text_color__hover=”#cc1331″ button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=”off” 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custom_padding__hover=”|||”][et_pb_image src=”https:\/\/feno.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/guyot.png” align_tablet=”center” align_last_edited=”on|desktop” _builder_version=”3.23″ border_color_all=”#e4e4e4″][\/et_pb_image][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=”2_3″ _builder_version=”3.25″ custom_padding=”|||” custom_padding__hover=”|||”][et_pb_text _builder_version=”3.27.4″ text_font=”||||||||” text_text_color=”#5a5a5a” header_font=”|300|||||||” header_text_align=”left” header_text_color=”#cc1331″ header_2_font=”|300|||||||” header_2_text_align=”left” header_2_text_color=”#cc1331″ header_2_font_size=”40px” header_2_line_height=”1.4em” header_3_font=”||||||||” header_3_text_color=”#919191″ header_3_font_size=”18px” header_4_font=”||||||||” header_5_font=”||||||||” header_5_text_color=”#cc1331″]<\/p>\n

Guyotree<\/strong>\u00ae** System<\/h2>\n

The Guyot<\/strong> system represents a tree with one leader, bent horizontal, similar to the viticulture training systems. At its delivery, the leader is already bent to a certain angel and can be easily bent and tied into a horizontal position. Furthermore, the leader has branches only on one side getting stronger toward the end of the leader, in order to counteract the natural tendency of the tree to produce stronger branches at the beginning of the bent leader.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Characteristics::<\/h5>\n

\u2022 Missing lower branches \u2013 perfect to create narrower fruiting walls
\u2022 Very good and uniform colouration of the fruit
\u2022 Well-spaced fruiting wall which dries quickly
\u2022 Pedestrian orchard (without platforms)
\u2022 Suitable for mechanization of pruning, thinning and harvest
\u2022 Reduced spray drift \u2013 appropriate for sensible zones
\u2022 Applicable in steep terrains.<\/p>\n

Cultivation<\/h5>\n

<\/span>Based on the orchards fertility, the variety and the growth of the tree, the recommended distance between the rows is varying from 1,5 m to 2,2 m, while the within-row spacing should range from 1 m to 1,3 m. The maximum tree height is between 2,2 m and 2,5 m.<\/span><\/p>\n

Experience<\/h5>\n

The first results in a commercial Evelina\u00ae orchard in
\nthe Italian Non Valley were very promising. In 2017
\nthere were planted 2.900 trees with a planting distance
\nof 2,3m between the rows and 1,5m within the rows.
\nIn the second leaf the harvest reached 30 tons per
\nhectare with a size of 85+ mm.
\nNot only an improvement of the already mentioned
\nquality characteristic, but also a significant reduction in
\nharvest time, was observable.
\nApproximately 300 kg per person and hour were
\nharvested with a simple automatically box transporter.<\/p>\n

**Guyot Patent Feno<\/em><\/p>\n

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Varieties<\/h2>\n

Feno breeding programme<\/h3>\n

The Feno breeding programme comprises approx. 1,000 crosses every year.
\nThe breeding aim is clearly defined: The intention is to produce a variety with good suitability for growing, properties which cater for the requirements of consumers and high recognition value. Several breed specimens with impressive properties are already being tested.<\/p>\n

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Training SystemsA production-oriented tree training in combination with a high fruit quality have always characterized the modern apple production. In the past few decades in addition production-related topics like the application of pesticides and its spray drift, the reduction of machinery use and labour input or the dispensing with herbicides continued to move into the […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"on","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-2032","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.feno.it\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2032","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.feno.it\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.feno.it\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.feno.it\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.feno.it\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2032"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.feno.it\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2032\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.feno.it\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2032"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}